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Computers can be divided into three broad categories by operation and industry sector:

• Hardware refers to the physical equipment of a computer, such as motherboards, memory chips, and microprocessors.
• Software includes the programs that tell the hardware exactly what to do and how to do it.
• The internet is composed of numerous global networks that are connected to each other.

Due to the computer industry′s diversity, there are jobs available in a wide variety of industries. Ninety-two percent of information technology jobs are in banking, education, health care, transportation, retail, entertainment, hospitality, and fashion.

Large corporations are major employers of technology professionals. They often maintain information systems (IS) or information technology (IT) departments that hire for many different positions. The number of in-house departments has grown with the increased usage of computers in the workplace. Today, almost all companies have IS or IT departments.

Other employers of technology professionals are consulting firms. They hire college graduates with majors in computer science to help them integrate the latest technology into their clients' business. Most of these jobs are headquartered in large cities and require a lot of travel.

For links to lists of top IT companies and links to companies with technology career opportunities by category visit 

Careers in tech involve much more than coding and cubicles. Beyond software engineering, the tech industry offers a wide range of career opportunities. Meet these experienced alumni professionals as they discuss more about career on-ramps in this innovative and growing industry:

• Naomi Gneco ’19, software engineer, Goldman Sachs
• Kelly Haberl ’18, data scientist, Lyft
• Joshua Zukoff ’13, product manager, Google

Be familiar with these terms and use them in application materials and networking conversations:

• Big Data
• Dark Data
• The Cloud
• Yottabytes
• The Next Big Thing
• Web x.0
• Web 2.0
• Heisenbug
• 3-D Printer
• Higgs Boson

Knowledge of industry news can give you a sense of the culture and make you a better candidate. Technology is constantly evolving and changing. A few of the rapidly developing areas include:

• Web 2.0: smartphones, GPS navigators, Android phones, Wikipedia, Facebook, and YouTube.
• Information Security: due to compliance regulations, cyber-attacks, and increased awareness by the U.S. government of the need for increased IT security.
• Virtualization: to share hardware resources and applications

Most entry-level positions require a bachelor’s degree (computer science, math, engineering, and other majors if you have related experience/training). Additionally, some positions require certain certification. Examples include:

• MCITP (Microsoft Certified IT Professional)
• MCTS (Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist)
• Cisco’s CCIE
• Red Hat's RHCE (Red Hat Certified Engineer)
• VCP (VMware Certified Professional)
• CSSA (Certified SonicWALL Security Administrator)
• PMP (Project Management Professional)
• ACSP (Apple Certified Support Professional)
• and
• CompTIA's Healthcare IT Technician

- For certification information.

- For certification information as an analyst.

Some positions may require coursework or training in a particular application, operating system, or other technology. Examples include:

• Java
• CSS
• HTML
• C++
• UNIX/LINUX
• bash/Pearl
• Python
• Ruby
• PHP
• Continuous Integration System
• Enterprise resource planning software
• Scripting Languages
• Relational Databases

Knowing your career goals is the first step to deciding whether or not to pursue an advanced degree or certification in technology. For example, most employers prefer applicants for a computer systems analyst position to have at least a bachelor's degree or a graduate degree for the more technically complex jobs. If you plan on becoming a director or manager, it would be a good idea to take leadership or management professional development courses or to receive an MBA. But there are many occupations, such as computer scientist, that do not require advanced degrees unless you’re pursuing an academic position. Read job ads and the , published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. They provide all kinds of helpful information, including how much education you need for certain professions.

Online Resources:

– A computer science graduate school survival guide, intended for prospective or novice graduate students. The guide also discusses finding a job after completing your Ph.D. and points to many other related web pages.

– AGEP is a network of universities dedicated to increasing the number of underrepresented minorities obtaining graduate degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

(Please check each association for membership information and conference dates.)

- Facilitate community awareness and education of technology and collaborate with like-minded organizations across Central New York.

- TechAmerica is a trade association that represents the information technology industry, including hardware, software, telecommunications products and services, Internet and online services, systems integration, and professional services.

- ICANN is responsible for coordinating the assignment of Internet domain names.

- This professional organization sets technical standards and provides leadership in addressing issues that confront the future of the Internet.

- For news on research projects and new technology developments and to learn about areas of science employing high-performance computing.

- Tim Berners-Lee, creator of the World Wide Web, founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994 to provide information and news on web technology.

- BSA is the voice of the world's software industry and its hardware partners on a range of business and policy affairs.

- For information on the entertainment software industry.

- For information on scholarships and student membership.

- For more information on careers in computer software.

- CRA’s mission is to strengthen research and advanced education in the computing fields, expand opportunities for women and minorities, and improve public and policymaker understanding of the importance of computing and computing research in our society.

- Contact ACM for information on internships, student membership, and their student magazine Crossroads.

- For information on careers and internships in technical writing.